NICAR `Net Tour
A Strategy Guide with Starting Points
Ron Nixon, Tom McGinty and Sarah Cohen
National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting
A joint program of Investigative Reporters and Editors Inc. and Missouri School of Journalism
Click on links to jump to each section
  • Reliable government sources
  • Finding experts
  • Telephone directories
  • Downloadable data on the 'Net
  • E-mail and Web address finders
  • Searchable online databases
  • Listserv and newsgroup postings
  • Other links collections for journalists
  • Backgrounding businesses
  • Search Engines
  • Public records on the Internet
  • The Invisible Web
  • Tech tips
  • IRE homepage

  • Check out the IRE and NICAR Web site at www.ire.org for more information on the data services and training we provide. And don't forget the IRE Resource Center, which includes a searchable online database of more than 17,000 investigative stories and a regularly updated list of recent investigative stories that can be found online.

    Reliable government sources
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    Financial reports for publicly traded companies through Edgar and other sources
    http://www.sec.gov/edaux/searches.htm. Beginning in 1997, all public companies were required to file their documents to the Securities and Exchange Commission electronically. They're stored in the Edgar archive on the SEC's site. Edgar (the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system) is limited because it allows you to search only the headers of the reports; for full-text searching, check out 10K Wizard at http://www.tenkwizard.com or Free Edgar at http://www.freeedgar.com. Both privately operated sites have additional features that make it easier to use the reports, including a Free Edgar add-on that allows you to instantly create Excel spreadsheets from the tables in SEC reports.
     
    FedStats
    http://www.fedstats.gov. This is the mega-stats site for the federal government, with index listings and links to the 70-odd federal agencies with statistical programs. Bookmark this one instead of the agency for up-to-date links.
     
    GPO Gateways
    http://www.gpo.ucop.edu/search/default.html This one is at the Univ. of California's gateway. Others like to go directly to the Government Printing Office at http://www.gpo.gov/su_docs/ or to the Purdue University's version at http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/gpo/. They're basically the same, with full-text searching of documents ranging from GAO reports and the Congressional Record to the Joint Economic Committee's latest compendium of economic indicators and the Federal Register.
     
    Thomas: Congress Online
    http://thomas.loc.gov/. Thomas is the online gateway to Capitol Hill and Congress. Named for Thomas Jefferson, it includes the status of bills in Congress by topic, bill number and short title. It also has an updated calendar of events.
     
    U.S. Census
    http://www.census.gov. The Census compiles gigabytes of demographic and economic information and generally makes it easy to use and to search.
     
    Finding Cities and counties
    http://www.ci.chi.il.us. This link to the Chicago Web site uses the standard (but not universally used) way to find a city: www.ci.xxxxx.ss.us. Replace the xxxxx with an abbreviated city name, like "chi" for Chicago, or "nyc" for New York City. Try it for counties by using www.co.xxxx.ss.us instead (replacing the ci in the city pattern with co for county). Again, it doesn't always work, but it's worth a shot.
     
    State Home Pages
    http://www.state.mo.us. This link leads to the State of Missouri's Web site and follows a convention that works for all state home pages: http://www.state.xx.us, where "xx" is the two character state abbreviation.

    Telephone Directories
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    Your library may have better ways to find people than any of these people-finders. But when you need a phone-number, you'll try anything. And you don't care that 35 of 36 might be wrong. Here, then, is the hail-Mary approach to finding people, places and institutions on the Internet.

    Many of these have Yellow Pages, business white-page listings, and e-mail address searches as well. They won't be listed again if they do. Duff Wilson, of the Seattle Times, has an excellent collection of directories and people-finders on his Reporter's Desktop. Another particularly good jumping points is Alan Schlein's Deadline Online. Check there for a more complete list.

    Anywho
    http://www.anywho.com. Run by AT&T, this is the only phone directory that has included correct, up to date, phone numbers for a number of colleagues. It's also one of the remaining few with a reverse directory. When you get the street, you can click on it for neighbors' phone numbers. And it'll draw a map when it finds the address.
     
    Search.Com
    http://www.search.com. Click on "People" for a list of some of the biggest directories. Clicking on Yellow Pages gives you access to a series of business listings, including an 800- directory.
     
    Switchboard
    http://www.switchboard.com. One of the oldest phone directories on the Web.
     
    WhoWhere? PeopleSearch
    http://www.whowhere.com/. Yet another people locating service, including e-mail addresses.
     
    Yahoo! People Search
    http://www.yahoo.com/search/people/. Another phone and e-mail search engine, this one from Yahoo!

    E-mail and Web address tracers
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    Big Foot
    http://bigfoot.com/. Another e-mail address finder (in both directions).
     
    Internet Address Finder
    http://www.iaf.net/. An e-mail address finder. You can also use it as a "finger" to get more information on a person whose e-mail address you know.
     
    WhoIs
    http://rs.internic.net/cgi-bin/whois . The official address-givers' records on who owns a site, including the city and phone number of the person who signed up for a site's Web address. This is the famed InterNIC, where you go to get your site on the Internet. It's much harder to fake a web address than an e-mail address.

    Listerv and newsgroup postings
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    Google Usenet (news groups) Archive
    http://groups.google.com/. This site, formerly Deja News, was purhcased by Google in February 2001. Use it to find newsgroup postings on any topic, dating to 1995. Once you've found a posting, click on the author's name to get a profile of the postings she has made.
     
    Liszt.Com
    http://www.liszt.com Find Internet Mailing Lists, by topic.

    You can also use the Usenet options in many bigger search engines to find postings, though they weren't created for that purpose.


    Backgrounding businesses
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    D&B Credit reports
    http://www.dnb.com. For a price, you can get a credit rating and other summary information on a business. For a much bigger price ($80), you can get information that analyzes how quickly the business pays its bills and its likelihood of paying a supplier on time.
     
    InfoUSA's business profiles
    http://www.infousa.com/partner/profile.htm?402. For $5, you can get a rudimentary analysis of  a business, including the names of the principals, local competitors, approximate revenues and years in business. Be careful of any "credit rating" you see on the list -- it's a probability of paying rather than any reflection of actual credit history.
     
    Hoovers
    For profiles of big companies, try http://www.hoovers.com . Your library's been using it for years, you just don't know it.
     
    PR Newswire
    http://www.prnewswire.com/. The Web presence of the PR Newswire, with a searchable database of press releases. (Note: PR Newswire has a separate section for journalists only--the PRN Press Room, http://www.prnmedia.com/--a free service that has a deeper archive of press releases, additional contact information and other features.)
     
    Business Wire
    http://www.businesswire.com/. Another searchable database of business press releases.
     
    Non-Profits from Guidestar
    http://www2.guidestar.org/. Lists basic information from non-profits' 990 reports in a searchable database. In late 1999, Guidestar was adding scanned images of 990s to its Web site.
     
    Non Profits Org
    http://www.nonprofits.org. Another way to check on the non-profit status of a company.

    Public records on the Internet
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    Search Systems
    http://pac-info.com. This regularly updated site has a collection of more than 2,200 links to free, searchable online databases, most of which are operated by government entities. The site includes a national section, a separate section for each state and links to international data.
     
    CRSA Online
    http://kadima.com/. You have to sign up with a credit card for this service, which costs from $1.25 to about $10.00 per search for death records, active military service and similar national records.
     
    KnowX
    http://www.knowx.com. A teaser for a pay service, where you can check liens, UCCs, bankruptcy filings and similar data on a person within a state for free. Detailed records require a credit card number and membership. Consider using a database service in your library if you have that option.
     
    Military City Online Web Outpost
    http://www.militarycity.com. Catch up on the latest military news. If you subscribe to the sponsors (Defense News, Army Times and affiliates), you can search for military personnel in a 4-million record database, get details on military installations. Sponsored by the publisher of Space News, Federal Times, Defense News and Army Times.
     
    Prospect research center (property tax records online)
    http://www.people.virginia.edu/~dev-pros/Realestate.html. This regularly updated site from the University of Virginia provides links to searchable property tax records throughout the country. Some are searchable by name, others just by address. It's a first stop if your county is listed.
     
    Social Security Death Index
    http://www.ancestry.com/ssdi/advanced.htm. A geneaology company that keeps publicly accessible information on people who have died while collecting Social Security. It's not always complete or up to date, but if you find someone there, you'll find their Social Security number.
     
    Surname trace
    http://www.wdia.com/forms/sur_nm-s.html. A pay service (usually $15-$25 a shot) to list people in cities using only a last name, based on records more up-to-date and complete than telephone books. This is a pay service that newsrooms use to get dossiers on people, but the Web version is much more limited.

    Tech Tips
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    FileFormats
    http://stack.com. Ever wondered what a .UU file format is?. How about how do you deal with a .aiff file. Look no further, this sites is a valuable resource on file formats and how to handle them.
     
    GIS Online Resources
    http://www.csc.noaa.gov/pagis/html/ziplinks.htm. A site sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Useful tools like a Excel worksheet that converts Decimal Minutes Seconds to Decimal Degrees.
     
    Search Engine Watch
    http://searchenginewatch.com/. This site provides tips and information about searching the web, analysis of the search engine industry. The site was created by Danny Sullivan, an Internet consultant and journalist.

    Finding experts
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    Kitty Bennett's Experts List
    http://sunsite.unc.edu/slanews/internet/experts.html. The St. Petersburg Times' news researcher has shared her list of expert sites with us.
    FACSNet
    http://www.facsnet.org. Run by and for journalists, FACSNet is compiling a list of sources in its database. You have to sign up for this free service to get access to the database.
     
    National Press Club's News Sources
    http://npc.press.org/who/sources.htm. Click on "News sources" to access the National Press Club's searchable database of sources from the non-profit and corporate worlds.
     
    Policy.com
    http://www.policy.com. A compendium of policy statements and research papers compiled for Microsoft Network, and Intellectual Capital. Under education, for instance, it lists synopses (with links) of papers from groups ranging from the American Civil Liberties Union to the Heritage Foundation.
     
    ProfNet
    http://www.profnet.com. Find experts by submitting your query to ProfNet, a relay to public information specialists at more than 1,000 universities, think tanks, and corporations. You need a couple of days to get results, but try looking at ProfNet's database of experts in a pinch.
     
    West's Legal Directory (WLD)
    http://www.lawoffice.com/direct/direct.asp. Westlaw's searchable directory of more than 675,000 lawyers and law firms.

    Downloadable Data on the 'Net
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    This list includes some databases that will take some time for you to understand and use. Sometimes they're updated once a year, and may be worth your effort to understand them. Others are just difficult or confusing, or may require that you understand the record layout. Many of these are FTP sites, or contain files in special formats, that make them harder to use.

    Berkely Mortality Database
    http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/wilmoth/mortality/. This database was established in 1997 by Prof. John R. Wilmoth of the Department of Demography at the University of California, Berkeley, supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging. The site contains a large and detailed collection of mortality data for national populations. Data are in text files and can easily be downloaded into a speadsheet or database.
     
    Budget of the US Government, FY 2001
    http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/maindown.html. Look here for reports (in Adobe Acrobat format) or spreadsheets (to import into Excel or Lotus) of the administration's 1998 budget proposals. In future years, look in the GPO gateways for up-to-date locations of these files. WARNING: These are difficult to read and shouldn't be counted on deadline.
     
    Campaign Finance Information Center
    http://www.campaignfinance.org. A clearinghouse for state-level campaign finance records available electronically, run by Investigative Reporters and Editors. It includes links to searchable data as well as copies of state campaign finance data downloadable from the site.
     
    Medicare / Medicaid Data Sources
    http://www.hcfa.gov/stats/stats.htm. This is a central download point for "public use" data files from the Health Care Finance Administration, which administers Medicare and Medicaid. Look here for data that tells you how many seniors in a county or state are in HMOs, the translation of standard diagnosis codes (ICD-9 and DRG) and a wealth of other research-oriented data sets.
     
    IRS 990 Basics
    http://www.irs.ustreas.gov/plain/tax_stats/soi/ex_imf.html. The IRS provides dozens of files that list, by area, each non-profit institution, the date of its last 990 report, its assets, income, address, and employer ID. This is helpful to find out which non-profits to focus on in your area, or the employer IDs you need to order the full documents.
     
    Government Information Sharing Project
    http://govinfo.kerr.orst.edu/index.text.html. An alternative to the Census Bureau's CD collection for the 1990 Census. The big plus here is that you can download pieces of the PUMS data.
     
    FEC's download area (not searching)
    http://www.fec.gov/finance/newftp1.htm. It'll take some work to do more than search by name or state. This is the big database that lists every contribution, updated monthly. If you're going to use this regularly, think about buying a subscription to the full database from NICAR or other organizations.
     
    As an alternative, try American University's state-specific files derived from the FEC downloads at http://www1.soc.american.edu/campfin .
     
    RTK Net
    http://www.rtk.net/. RTK Net provides free online access to gigabytes of government databases and information on the environment, housing, development, elections, and more. Sponsored by an activist group, but generally considered reliable. You can also download the data if you sign up for a free user account.
     
    State Health Facts Online
    http://statehealthfacts.kff.org/. A new site from the Kaiser Family Foundation which contains the latest state-level data on demographics, health, and health policy, including health coverage, access, financing, and state legislation. Data can be downloaded a Text files or Excel worksheets.
     
    TRAC
    http://trac.syr.edu/. TRAC (Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse) is David Burnham's Web site at Syracuse University, which has all kinds of U.S. Dept. of Justice data available for download. Consider it when you're working on stories about the IRS or the justice system in general.
     
    Toxic Release Inventory
    http://www.epa.gov/tri/. Downloadable data sets (1997 and older data in dbf formats, new files in Text format) of the EPA's Toxic Release Inventory. Files are available national and by state. Each file contains the facility names, locations, and contacts for reporting facilities; chemical names and CAS numbers; aggregate releases in pounds of chemicals released to air, land, water, and underground injection wells; total chemical transfers to off-site locations and publicly owned treatment works; and selected pollution prevention data.
     
    U.S. Dept. of Education's Common Core of Data
    http://www.ed.gov/NCES/surveys/datasurv.html. The huge set of databases that form the core of educational research. Note: It's missing a key component - test scores. But you can get information from this database on demographics on every public and private school in the nation here.
     
    University of Michigan's crime databases
    http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/index.html. The University of Michigan has become the repository for the archives of criminal justice, education and much polling data. Some of it isn't available to non-members, but this criminal justice data is. It's a difficult site to use, though. Be prepared to spend some time on it.
     

    Searchable Databases
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    These are locations where you can create your own reports or list documents available on the Internet within a small topic. If you need more power in your searches, you may have to buy or download the data they come from. You can consult with the IRE and NICAR Database Library, which collects complete federal databases.
     
    Adherents.com
    http://www.adherents.com. Adherents.com is a growing collection of over 62,000 adherent statistics and religious geography citations -- references to published membership/adherent statistics and congregation statistics for over 4,200 religions, churches, denominations, religious bodies, faith groups, tribes, cultures and movments. The site has some data in HTML format that can be downloaded into a speadsheet.
     
    American Legal Publishing
    http://www.amlegal.com/. Need to know which cities in the US have ordinances for a particluar issue, check out this site. Go to the online libaray button, this will bring you to a map of the 50 states, click on the state you want and it will give you a list of cities to choose from.
     
    American Religion Data Archive
    http://www.arda.tm/. ARDA, based at Penn State University, collects data on religion, from studies to surveys. One of the most useful is the Churches and Church membership in the United States 1990, by the Glenmary Research Center. This data set contains statistics by state for 133 Judeo-Christian church bodies, providing information on the number of churches and members. The information is collected every ten years. Data can be downloaded as text file or as a SPSS file.
     
    Aviation databases
    Landings, at http://www.landings.com, has some searchable databases of pilots and registered aircraft along with Service Difficulty Reports. Note: Aircraft Service Difficulty reports can be misleading, and Landings has been known to miss some reports. Other options for similar information include the FAA's own site of service difficulty reports at http://nasdac.faa.gov/safety_data/, or NICAR's CD-ROMs of the complete database. Accident reports are searchable on the NTSB web site at http://www.ntsb.gov/aviation/aviation.htm
     
    CDC WONDER
    http://wonder.cdc.gov/. Public-use data from the Centers for Disease Control on mortality, cancer incidence, hospital discharges, AIDS, behavioral risk factors, diabetes, and many other topics. The data are available for query, and the requested data can be readily summarized and analyzed. Data is available in HTML format, but can be put into a speadsheet program Excel or a datbase manager.
     
    Central Intelligence Agency
    http://www.odci.gov/ . Home of the CIA's World Fact Book, containing basic information on every country in the world.
     
    Defense Link
    http://www.defenselink.mil/. A searchable database of documents on the Web throughout the Defense Department. This is the government's main map to defense documents, including recent FOIA requests.
     
     
    EPA's EnviroFacts all-in-one search
    http://www.epa.gov/enviro/index_java.html . A search of all of the Environmental Protection Agency's databases, including the Toxic Release Inventory, Superfund and Hazardous waste databases is available by zip code, city or facility.
     
    Fatal Accident Reporting System
    http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/www/main.html . This searchable version of FARS lets you create your own tabulations of detailed fatal accident reports. You can also download your own data set of crashes, victims and cars. For related information on interstate trucks, consider the SAFER system, at http://www.safersys.org/.
     
    Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
    http://www.fdic.gov/. A searchable database of financial facts about banks, or locations of bank branches. One of the government's most user-friendly sites.
     
    FECInfo
    http://www.tray.com/fecinfo/. Maintained by a former FEC official and designed to give you up-to-date information on electronically available federal campaign contributions. Or try its sister organization, the Center for Responsive Politics at http://www.opensecrets.org.
     
    FindArticles.com
    http://www.findarticles.com/PI/index.jhtml. FindArticles is a specialized search engine designed to help you quickly and easily find published articles on the topics that interest you. The database has hundreds of thousands of articles from more than 300 magazines and journals, dating back to 1998. FindArticles even brings some print-only publications to the Web for the first time.
     
    FindLaw.
    http://www.findlaw.com. FindLaw provides access to an online library of legal resources, with a stated mission of making "legal information on the Internet easy to find." The site features Web search utilities, cases and codes and legal news.
     
    Internet Law Library
    http://law2.house.gov/uscode.htm. Includes US Code and Code of Federal Regulations, plus links to state, federal and international laws, treaties, regulations, and other stuff.
     
    Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies Databank
    http://www.jointcenter.org/databank.htm. DataBank is a service of the Joint Center, a think tank on Issues relating to blacks and other minorities. Comparable data on African Americans and other racial and ethnic populations are standard features. DataBank also presents facts and figures from the Joint Center's unique research on minority business and black elected officials, and from its annual National Opinion Polls. Some data comes in Excel worksheets.
     
    National Library of Medicine - MEDLINE
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/. The publicly-available resource to millions of medical journals, with links to participating journal sites. This used to cost money, but no longer.
     
    Patent and Trademark Office
    http://www.uspto.gov . Search the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office database. An alternative with more history is the IBM's Patent Server at http://patent.womplex.ibm.com/
     
    Regional Economic Information System
    http://fisher.lib.Virginia.EDU/reis/. A searchable database of income and other data that are produced by state or city. Useful for regional economic reporters.
     
    Securities Clearinghouse
    http://securities.stanford.edu. Stanford University's Law School is beginning to put the full text of securities class action lawsuits on the Web in this new site. It's not immediate -- they scan and check for at least a few days after a filing -- but it's a good list of examples.
     
    Social Security Statistics
    http://www.ssa.gov/policy/. A wealth of information (searchable) on this monster of government programs.
     
    Vietnam MIAs/POW's
    lcweb2.loc.gov/pow/powhome.html. The Library of Congress' database includes synopses of all of the 131,000 publicly-available documents concerning military personnel listed as missing in action and prisoners of war from the Vietnam War. The site also includes instructions on how to order the full documents.
     Vote-Smart
    http://www.vote-smart.org . This site has useful congressional background, including voting records and ratings of lawmakers by special interest groups.

    Other collections of links for journalists
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    Here's a taste of the kinds of lists you can use to peek inside someone else's Rolodex of Internet sites. There are many more of these, often listed in the pages themselves. Start here to begin building your own favorite sites.

    Librarians' Index to the Internet
    http://www.lii.org/. The Librarians' Index to the Internet is a searchable, annotated subject directory of more than 7,000 Internet resources selected and evaluated by librarians for their usefulness to users of public libraries. It's meant to be used by both librarians and non-librarians as a reliable and efficient guide to described and evaluated Internet resources.
     
    AJR's list of journalism starting points
    http://www.newslink.org/gref.html. The American Journalism Review has put together a list of journalism link pages, often organized by beat. Some are outdated, but check here for another list of starting points. Look here for the standard ones.
     
    Beat Page
    http://www.reporter.org/beat. Shawn McIntosh's now-famous page listing links by beat. Try this one for a broad overview. (Hosted by IRE's Reporter.org)
     
    Chris Callahan's Journalists' Guide to the Internet
    http://reporter.umd.edu . Chris Callahan's interactive page to go along with his book of the same name. Great for updated standard sources and strategies.
     
    Deadline Online
    http://www.deadlineonline.com . Alan Schlein has compiled a list of people-finders that's got 'em all, from university alumni directories to the major search engines.
     
    The Directory of Online Statistics Sources
    http://berinsteinresearch.com/stats.htm. A site by expert researcher Paula Berinstein, author of the book Finding Statistics Online. This directory lists online statistics sources, by subject, for quick reference.
     
    Drew Sullivan's Bookmarks of Databases
    http://www.drewsullivan.com/database.html. Drew's compiled a list of interesting downloadable and searchable databases on the Internet. Good for finding raw data.
     
    Links to the News from the Poynter Institute
    http://poynter.org/dj/shedden/index.htm. Wish you had time to create a page for specific stories in the news? Poynter does it for you, with links for holiday stories, big news stories like the Oklahoma bombing or the Heaven's Gate suicides, and more. Check here before you start building your own list.
     
    Reporters' Desktop
    http://www.reporter.org/desktop. Duff Wilson of the Seattle Times has compiled one of the most useful starting points for backgrounding people and companies on the Internet. Check his links out.
     
    Society of Environmental Journalists: Internet Links and Resources
    http://www.sej.org/resource/index.htm. SEJ's Environmental Journalism Gallery and Internet links database contain more than 1,500 entries representing environmental journalism and useful web sites for environmental reporters.
     
    Statistics.com
    http://statistics.com/. Acomprehensive directory of links to data sources, is the site to go to when you need to find statistical data. It also gives data analysts, researchers, educators, managers and students tools to build their statistical skills and improve their understanding of statistics.
     
    Yahoo!
    http://www.yahoo.com. No list of lists would be complete without this, the Mother of all Lists. Start here instead of a search engine to find proven sources on broad topics.

    Search engines
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    The links below will take you to some of the best search engines the Web has to offer, but each engine is only as smart as the user who's operating it. Be sure to take the time to read the help section of your favorite engine so you will learn special syntax that will hone searches and save countless hours of frustration.

    Altavista
    http://www.altavista.com. Use the "Advanced Search" to use powerful Boolean operators. This is a good one to use if you only want, say, non-profit sites in your results (in that case, use the search term "url:org").
     
    Ditto.com
    www.ditto.com. A search engine that allows you to search the Internet for pictures and other images instead of text.
     
    Google
    http://www.google.com. The search engine du jour, Google has earned its stellar reputation with search results that are ranked not only by how well they match your search terms, but also by how many other sites link to the pages that match your search. Click on the "Advanced Search" link to refine your searches.
    Excite Netsearch
    http://www.excite.com. Voted by PC Computing as the best search engine, but misses a couple of key components, especially limiting by url. A good "concept" search engine. Hit "More like this" when you find a good one.
     
    HotBot
    http://www.hotbot.com Gives you lots of powerful tools, and a very big set of web sites to search.
     
    Northern Light
    http://www.northernlight.com . This search engine also provides pay-per-use access to archived stories from national newspapers and magazines.

    The Invisible Web
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    The Invisible Web is made up of tons of information invisible to most search engines. That's because most of the information is stored in databases that cannot be accessed by the software search engines used to compile their indexes. Fortunately, there are a few sites that can help you get at this information.



    Direct Search-Search Tools and Directories
    http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~gprice/direct.htm. Direct Search, compiled by Gary Price of George Washington University, is a growing compilation of links to the search interfaces of resources that contain data not easily or entirely searchable/accessible from general search tools like Alta Vista, Google, and Hotbot. Although general search tools are essential for the retrieval of Internet based data, often many do not realize that large amounts of information are not easily searchable and accessible via these search tools. This "hidden" from "general search tool" material has become known as the "invisible web".
     
    AlphaSearch
    http://www.calvin.edu/library/searreso/internet/as/. AlphaSearch is an extremely useful directory of "gateway" sites that collect and organize web sites that focus on a particular subject. This site is hosted by Calvin College in Grand Rapid, MI.
     
    Infomine Multiple Database Search
    http://infomine.ucr.edu/. Infomine is an "academic" search engine, focusing on scholarly resource collections, electronic journals and books, online library card catalogs, and directories of researchers. INFOMINE is librarian built. University of California, California State University, University of Detroit (Mercy) and other university and college librarians have contributed to building INFOMINE.
     
    Invisible Web.com
    http://www.invisibleweb.com/. InvisibleWeb.com catalogs searchable resources across the web.
     
    Lycos Invisible Web Catalog
    http://dir.lycos.com/Reference/Searchable%5FDatabases/. Search more than 7,000 resources that are not visible to search engines. Note: be sure to check the "this category" radio button on the search form.
     
    Web Data http
    www.webdata.com/. Another comprehensive guide to searchable databases. Browse or search through listings.

    © National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting
    Last Update: July 2001