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NICAR `Net Tour A Strategy Guide with Starting Points Ron Nixon, Tom McGinty and Sarah Cohen National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting A joint program of Investigative Reporters and Editors Inc. and Missouri School of Journalism |
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| Check out the IRE and NICAR Web site at www.ire.org for more information on the data services and training we provide. And don't forget the IRE Resource Center, which includes a searchable online database of more than 17,000 investigative stories and a regularly updated list of recent investigative stories that can be found online. |
Your library may have better ways to find people than any of these people-finders. But when you need a phone-number, you'll try anything. And you don't care that 35 of 36 might be wrong. Here, then, is the hail-Mary approach to finding people, places and institutions on the Internet.
Many of these have Yellow Pages, business white-page listings, and e-mail address searches as well. They won't be listed again if they do. Duff Wilson, of the Seattle Times, has an excellent collection of directories and people-finders on his Reporter's Desktop. Another particularly good jumping points is Alan Schlein's Deadline Online. Check there for a more complete list.
- Anywho
- http://www.anywho.com. Run by AT&T, this is the only phone directory that has included correct, up to date, phone numbers for a number of colleagues. It's also one of the remaining few with a reverse directory. When you get the street, you can click on it for neighbors' phone numbers. And it'll draw a map when it finds the address.
- Search.Com
- http://www.search.com. Click on "People" for a list of some of the biggest directories. Clicking on Yellow Pages gives you access to a series of business listings, including an 800- directory.
- Switchboard
- http://www.switchboard.com. One of the oldest phone directories on the Web.
- WhoWhere? PeopleSearch
- http://www.whowhere.com/. Yet another people locating service, including e-mail addresses.
- Yahoo! People Search
- http://www.yahoo.com/search/people/. Another phone and e-mail search engine, this one from Yahoo!
- Big Foot
- http://bigfoot.com/. Another e-mail address finder (in both directions).
- Internet Address Finder
- http://www.iaf.net/. An e-mail address finder. You can also use it as a "finger" to get more information on a person whose e-mail address you know.
- WhoIs
- http://rs.internic.net/cgi-bin/whois . The official address-givers' records on who owns a site, including the city and phone number of the person who signed up for a site's Web address. This is the famed InterNIC, where you go to get your site on the Internet. It's much harder to fake a web address than an e-mail address.
- Google Usenet (news groups) Archive
- http://groups.google.com/. This site, formerly Deja News, was purhcased by Google in February 2001. Use it to find newsgroup postings on any topic, dating to 1995. Once you've found a posting, click on the author's name to get a profile of the postings she has made.
- Liszt.Com
- http://www.liszt.com Find Internet Mailing Lists, by topic.
You can also use the Usenet options in many bigger search engines to find postings, though they weren't created for that purpose.
- D&B Credit reports
- http://www.dnb.com. For a price, you can get a credit rating and other summary information on a business. For a much bigger price ($80), you can get information that analyzes how quickly the business pays its bills and its likelihood of paying a supplier on time.
- InfoUSA's business profiles
- http://www.infousa.com/partner/profile.htm?402. For $5, you can get a rudimentary analysis of a business, including the names of the principals, local competitors, approximate revenues and years in business. Be careful of any "credit rating" you see on the list -- it's a probability of paying rather than any reflection of actual credit history.
- Hoovers
- For profiles of big companies, try http://www.hoovers.com . Your library's been using it for years, you just don't know it.
- PR Newswire
- http://www.prnewswire.com/. The Web presence of the PR Newswire, with a searchable database of press releases. (Note: PR Newswire has a separate section for journalists only--the PRN Press Room, http://www.prnmedia.com/--a free service that has a deeper archive of press releases, additional contact information and other features.)
- Business Wire
- http://www.businesswire.com/. Another searchable database of business press releases.
- Non-Profits from Guidestar
- http://www2.guidestar.org/. Lists basic information from non-profits' 990 reports in a searchable database. In late 1999, Guidestar was adding scanned images of 990s to its Web site.
- Non Profits Org
- http://www.nonprofits.org. Another way to check on the non-profit status of a company.
- Search Systems
- http://pac-info.com. This regularly updated site has a collection of more than 2,200 links to free, searchable online databases, most of which are operated by government entities. The site includes a national section, a separate section for each state and links to international data.
- CRSA Online
- http://kadima.com/. You have to sign up with a credit card for this service, which costs from $1.25 to about $10.00 per search for death records, active military service and similar national records.
- KnowX
- http://www.knowx.com. A teaser for a pay service, where you can check liens, UCCs, bankruptcy filings and similar data on a person within a state for free. Detailed records require a credit card number and membership. Consider using a database service in your library if you have that option.
- Military City Online Web Outpost
- http://www.militarycity.com. Catch up on the latest military news. If you subscribe to the sponsors (Defense News, Army Times and affiliates), you can search for military personnel in a 4-million record database, get details on military installations. Sponsored by the publisher of Space News, Federal Times, Defense News and Army Times.
- Prospect research center (property tax records online)
- http://www.people.virginia.edu/~dev-pros/Realestate.html. This regularly updated site from the University of Virginia provides links to searchable property tax records throughout the country. Some are searchable by name, others just by address. It's a first stop if your county is listed.
- Social Security Death Index
- http://www.ancestry.com/ssdi/advanced.htm. A geneaology company that keeps publicly accessible information on people who have died while collecting Social Security. It's not always complete or up to date, but if you find someone there, you'll find their Social Security number.
- Surname trace
- http://www.wdia.com/forms/sur_nm-s.html. A pay service (usually $15-$25 a shot) to list people in cities using only a last name, based on records more up-to-date and complete than telephone books. This is a pay service that newsrooms use to get dossiers on people, but the Web version is much more limited.
- FileFormats
- http://stack.com. Ever wondered what a .UU file format is?. How about how do you deal with a .aiff file. Look no further, this sites is a valuable resource on file formats and how to handle them.
- GIS Online Resources
- http://www.csc.noaa.gov/pagis/html/ziplinks.htm. A site sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Useful tools like a Excel worksheet that converts Decimal Minutes Seconds to Decimal Degrees.
- Search Engine Watch
- http://searchenginewatch.com/. This site provides tips and information about searching the web, analysis of the search engine industry. The site was created by Danny Sullivan, an Internet consultant and journalist.
- Kitty Bennett's Experts List
- http://sunsite.unc.edu/slanews/internet/experts.html. The St. Petersburg Times' news researcher has shared her list of expert sites with us.
- FACSNet
- http://www.facsnet.org. Run by and for journalists, FACSNet is compiling a list of sources in its database. You have to sign up for this free service to get access to the database.
- National Press Club's News Sources
- http://npc.press.org/who/sources.htm. Click on "News sources" to access the National Press Club's searchable database of sources from the non-profit and corporate worlds.
- Policy.com
- http://www.policy.com. A compendium of policy statements and research papers compiled for Microsoft Network, and Intellectual Capital. Under education, for instance, it lists synopses (with links) of papers from groups ranging from the American Civil Liberties Union to the Heritage Foundation.
- ProfNet
- http://www.profnet.com. Find experts by submitting your query to ProfNet, a relay to public information specialists at more than 1,000 universities, think tanks, and corporations. You need a couple of days to get results, but try looking at ProfNet's database of experts in a pinch.
- West's Legal Directory (WLD)
- http://www.lawoffice.com/direct/direct.asp. Westlaw's searchable directory of more than 675,000 lawyers and law firms.
This list includes some databases that will take some time for you to understand and use. Sometimes they're updated once a year, and may be worth your effort to understand them. Others are just difficult or confusing, or may require that you understand the record layout. Many of these are FTP sites, or contain files in special formats, that make them harder to use.
- Berkely Mortality Database
- http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/wilmoth/mortality/. This database was established in 1997 by Prof. John R. Wilmoth of the Department of Demography at the University of California, Berkeley, supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging. The site contains a large and detailed collection of mortality data for national populations. Data are in text files and can easily be downloaded into a speadsheet or database.
- Budget of the US Government, FY 2001
- http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/maindown.html. Look here for reports (in Adobe Acrobat format) or spreadsheets (to import into Excel or Lotus) of the administration's 1998 budget proposals. In future years, look in the GPO gateways for up-to-date locations of these files. WARNING: These are difficult to read and shouldn't be counted on deadline.
- Campaign Finance Information Center
- http://www.campaignfinance.org. A clearinghouse for state-level campaign finance records available electronically, run by Investigative Reporters and Editors. It includes links to searchable data as well as copies of state campaign finance data downloadable from the site.
- Medicare / Medicaid Data Sources
- http://www.hcfa.gov/stats/stats.htm. This is a central download point for "public use" data files from the Health Care Finance Administration, which administers Medicare and Medicaid. Look here for data that tells you how many seniors in a county or state are in HMOs, the translation of standard diagnosis codes (ICD-9 and DRG) and a wealth of other research-oriented data sets.
- IRS 990 Basics
- http://www.irs.ustreas.gov/plain/tax_stats/soi/ex_imf.html. The IRS provides dozens of files that list, by area, each non-profit institution, the date of its last 990 report, its assets, income, address, and employer ID. This is helpful to find out which non-profits to focus on in your area, or the employer IDs you need to order the full documents.
- Government Information Sharing Project
- http://govinfo.kerr.orst.edu/index.text.html. An alternative to the Census Bureau's CD collection for the 1990 Census. The big plus here is that you can download pieces of the PUMS data.
- FEC's download area (not searching)
- http://www.fec.gov/finance/newftp1.htm. It'll take some work to do more than search by name or state. This is the big database that lists every contribution, updated monthly. If you're going to use this regularly, think about buying a subscription to the full database from NICAR or other organizations.
- As an alternative, try American University's state-specific files derived from the FEC downloads at http://www1.soc.american.edu/campfin .
- RTK Net
- http://www.rtk.net/. RTK Net provides free online access to gigabytes of government databases and information on the environment, housing, development, elections, and more. Sponsored by an activist group, but generally considered reliable. You can also download the data if you sign up for a free user account.
- State Health Facts Online
- http://statehealthfacts.kff.org/. A new site from the Kaiser Family Foundation which contains the latest state-level data on demographics, health, and health policy, including health coverage, access, financing, and state legislation. Data can be downloaded a Text files or Excel worksheets.
- TRAC
- http://trac.syr.edu/. TRAC (Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse) is David Burnham's Web site at Syracuse University, which has all kinds of U.S. Dept. of Justice data available for download. Consider it when you're working on stories about the IRS or the justice system in general.
- Toxic Release Inventory
- http://www.epa.gov/tri/. Downloadable data sets (1997 and older data in dbf formats, new files in Text format) of the EPA's Toxic Release Inventory. Files are available national and by state. Each file contains the facility names, locations, and contacts for reporting facilities; chemical names and CAS numbers; aggregate releases in pounds of chemicals released to air, land, water, and underground injection wells; total chemical transfers to off-site locations and publicly owned treatment works; and selected pollution prevention data.
- U.S. Dept. of Education's Common Core of Data
- http://www.ed.gov/NCES/surveys/datasurv.html. The huge set of databases that form the core of educational research. Note: It's missing a key component - test scores. But you can get information from this database on demographics on every public and private school in the nation here.
- University of Michigan's crime databases
- http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/index.html. The University of Michigan has become the repository for the archives of criminal justice, education and much polling data. Some of it isn't available to non-members, but this criminal justice data is. It's a difficult site to use, though. Be prepared to spend some time on it.
Here's a taste of the kinds of lists you can use to peek inside someone else's Rolodex of Internet sites. There are many more of these, often listed in the pages themselves. Start here to begin building your own favorite sites.
- Librarians' Index to the Internet
- http://www.lii.org/. The Librarians' Index to the Internet is a searchable, annotated subject directory of more than 7,000 Internet resources selected and evaluated by librarians for their usefulness to users of public libraries. It's meant to be used by both librarians and non-librarians as a reliable and efficient guide to described and evaluated Internet resources.
- AJR's list of journalism starting points
- http://www.newslink.org/gref.html. The American Journalism Review has put together a list of journalism link pages, often organized by beat. Some are outdated, but check here for another list of starting points. Look here for the standard ones.
- Beat Page
- http://www.reporter.org/beat. Shawn McIntosh's now-famous page listing links by beat. Try this one for a broad overview. (Hosted by IRE's Reporter.org)
- Chris Callahan's Journalists' Guide to the Internet
- http://reporter.umd.edu . Chris Callahan's interactive page to go along with his book of the same name. Great for updated standard sources and strategies.
- Deadline Online
- http://www.deadlineonline.com . Alan Schlein has compiled a list of people-finders that's got 'em all, from university alumni directories to the major search engines.
- The Directory of Online Statistics Sources
- http://berinsteinresearch.com/stats.htm. A site by expert researcher Paula Berinstein, author of the book Finding Statistics Online. This directory lists online statistics sources, by subject, for quick reference.
- Drew Sullivan's Bookmarks of Databases
- http://www.drewsullivan.com/database.html. Drew's compiled a list of interesting downloadable and searchable databases on the Internet. Good for finding raw data.
- Links to the News from the Poynter Institute
- http://poynter.org/dj/shedden/index.htm. Wish you had time to create a page for specific stories in the news? Poynter does it for you, with links for holiday stories, big news stories like the Oklahoma bombing or the Heaven's Gate suicides, and more. Check here before you start building your own list.
- Reporters' Desktop
- http://www.reporter.org/desktop. Duff Wilson of the Seattle Times has compiled one of the most useful starting points for backgrounding people and companies on the Internet. Check his links out.
- Society of Environmental Journalists: Internet Links and Resources
- http://www.sej.org/resource/index.htm. SEJ's Environmental Journalism Gallery and Internet links database contain more than 1,500 entries representing environmental journalism and useful web sites for environmental reporters.
- Statistics.com
- http://statistics.com/. Acomprehensive directory of links to data sources, is the site to go to when you need to find statistical data. It also gives data analysts, researchers, educators, managers and students tools to build their statistical skills and improve their understanding of statistics.
- Yahoo!
- http://www.yahoo.com. No list of lists would be complete without this, the Mother of all Lists. Start here instead of a search engine to find proven sources on broad topics.
The links below will take you to some of the best search engines the Web has to offer, but each engine is only as smart as the user who's operating it. Be sure to take the time to read the help section of your favorite engine so you will learn special syntax that will hone searches and save countless hours of frustration.
The Invisible Web is made up of tons of information invisible to most search engines. That's because most of the information is stored in databases that cannot be accessed by the software search engines used to compile their indexes. Fortunately, there are a few sites that can help you get at this information.
© National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting
Last Update: July 2001